N, Victoria (Balcombian, Middle Miocene), six specimens, USNM M353581 and M353580. Distribution.

Dom guez 1988a: 24; Hubbard and Dom guez 1988: 207; Dom guez 1989a: 173 (described G exons, rRNA, tRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, and recognized miRNAs, we pooled Truncatoflabellum irregulare: Ndance and were classified in four community structures, varying in richness Cairns 1989b: 67?eight, Table 6, pls. Distribution. Middle Miocene: Mount Gambier, S. Australia; Cape Otway, Balcombe's Bay, Mornington, and Beaumaris, Victoria. Remarks. Inside the original description, Duncan (1864) described the species as not getting thecal edge spines, but in 1870 said that the coral has "often small spines nearer the calice than the pedicel." Certainly, some specimens of this distinctively-shaped species have spines (conventional Truncatoflabellum) and others don't (see New Records). Ordinarily, if a species of Truncatoflabellum bears thecal edge spines then all specimens of that species will bear spines. Thus, this variation journal.pone.0077579 in character is uncommon and may possibly be indicative on the early evolution inside the genus when spination and transverse division have been still experimental, as T. gambierense is a single of these species that shows a crescentric transverse weakness in its corallum however the anthocyathus ordinarily remains attached for the anthocaulus, possibly the ancestral condition for the species. Truncatoflabellum irregulare (Semper, 1872) Fig. 4D Flabellum irregulare Semper, 1872: 242?45, figs 1?, pl. 16, figs 7?7. Not Flabellum irregulare Tenison-Woods, 1878b: 313, pl. four, Fig. 2 (junior homonym, = T. cumingi). Truncatoflabellum irregulare: Cairns 1989b: 67?8, Table six, pls. 34i , 35a (synonymy). --Cairns and Zibrowius 1997: 168. New record. Ryukyu Islands, Horseshoe Cliffs (26?0'00"N, 127?0'54"E), 55 m, 1 specimen, USNM 87710. Distribution. Philippines, Indonesia, Ryukyu Islands, 11-55 m.A crucial towards the genera and species of the transversely-dividing Flabellidae...Figure 4. A Truncatoflabellum macroeschara, paratype, USNM 96661, Onslow Island, Western Australia B T. veroni, paratype, USNM 96655, Soela 54A, Western Australia C T. gambierense, USNM 1295473, USGS 10809, Balcombe's Bay, Victoria (Balcombian = Middle Miocene) D T. irregulare, USNM 87713, Japan. Scale bars: all 10 mm.Stephen D. Cairns / ZooKeys 562: 1?8 (2016)Truncatoflabellum incrustatum Cairns, 1989b Fig. 5A Flabellum irregulare: Gerth 1921: 402, pl. 57, fig. 15.--Cairns 1989b: 63, Table 6, pl. 37f. Truncatoflabellum incrustatum Cairns, 1989b: 68?9, Table 6, pl. 35d .--Cairns and Zibrowius 1997: 168. New record. Tansei Maru KT9202-YT1, 30?4'48"N, 130?6'06"E, 80?eight m, 5 specimens, USNM 92788. Distribution. Reduced Miocene of Java (Gerth, 1921).N, Victoria (Balcombian, Middle Miocene), six specimens, USNM M353581 and M353580. Distribution. Middle Miocene: Mount Gambier, S. Australia; Cape Otway, Balcombe's Bay, Mornington, and Beaumaris, Victoria. Remarks. Inside the original description, Duncan (1864) described the species as not possessing thecal edge spines, but in 1870 stated that the coral has "often compact spines nearer the calice than the pedicel." Indeed, some specimens of this distinctively-shaped species have spines (conventional Truncatoflabellum) and other folks don't (see New Records). Ordinarily, if a species of Truncatoflabellum bears thecal edge spines then all specimens of that species will bear spines. As a result, this variation journal.pone.0077579 in character is uncommon and may well be indicative from the early evolution inside the genus when spination and transverse division have been nevertheless experimental, as T. gambierense is one of those species that shows a crescentric transverse weakness in its corallum however the anthocyathus ordinarily remains attached towards the anthocaulus, possibly the ancestral condition for the species.