Story is intimately connected to that of Musa (Gayral et al.

balbisiana occurred around 27? Mya (Christelov et al., 2011) within a continental South Asia [also reported because the native region of seedy BB diploids (De Langhe et al., 2009)]. This represents a really extended period of sexual diversification, organic selection, drift and diffusion of BB diploids which has led to the allelic eBSV diversity observed today. This is supported by our data (Figs 4?) and reinforces our hypothesis that eBSV allelic 1568539X-00003152 diversification occurred within the face of epidemic environmental changes during BB diploid evolution (Chabannes et al., 2013; Iskra-Caruana et al., 2014b).Story is intimately connected to that of Musa (Gayral et al., 2010; D'Hont et al., 2012). Historically, divergence amongst M. acuminata and M. balbisiana occurred about 27? Mya (Christelov et al., 2011) inside a continental South Asia [also reported as the native location of seedy BB diploids (De Langhe et al., 2009)]. This represents a very long period of sexual diversification, organic selection, drift and diffusion of BB diploids which has led to the allelic eBSV diversity observed nowadays. This is supported by our information (Figs four?) and reinforces our hypothesis that eBSV allelic 1568539X-00003152 diversification occurred inside the face of epidemic environmental changes for the duration of BB diploid evolution (Chabannes et al., 2013; Iskra-Caruana et al., 2014b). The presence from the 3 eBSVs in all BB diploids except Honduras addresses the question of selective advantage at the beginning of eBSV fixation. A hypothesis of innate defence to resist environmental BSV stress may very well be formulated, and the resistance of BB plants to BSV, whether episomal or infective eBSV in origin (Lheureux, 2002), reinforces this hypothesis. The appearance of interspecific hybrids chosen by domestication processes/human activities, dated to not earlier than 7000 years ago (Perrier et al., 2009), permitted the selection of hybrids getting only one particular B genome. Changes in ploidy in the B genome possibly impacted the virus/banana equilibrium, releasing `endogenous' BSV infections from infective eBSV alleles. We observed that all ABB hybrids grouped closely with BB diploids since they harbour the exact same eBSV allele composition. AAB hybrids harbour mostly either deleted or no eBSV alleles except for the plantain groups, which nevertheless have infective eBSV for each BGFV and BSOLV. A organic choice for the duration of hybrid creation order ML240 promoted virus-free AAB hybrids harbouring deleted or no eBSV alleles in lieu of hybrids hosting infective eBSV. Interestingly, our data on eBSV alleles with the AAB hybrids coming in the two main centres of diversification positioned in India and South-East Asia look to indicate a convergent evolution approach of pseudogenization, whereas the BB diploids present in each native location almost certainly differ. Most AAB hybrids from the Indian group showed either non-infective allelic rearrangements or comprehensive absence of eBSVs whereas ABB hybrids nevertheless have all allelic 1.46167E+14 eBSV diversity including the infective alleles. We observed one particular exception for Lal velchi BB diploid suspected to become the parent of AAB sub-group Pome or AB Kunnan accession from the IndianDuroy et al. -- Endogenous BSVs illuminate Musa balbisiana diversity Group (Hippolyte et al., 2012). All these observations favour a systematic selective post-hybridization procedure aiming to pick AAB hybrids obtaining no infective alleles.